A new analysis calculates that vegetation in the world’s tropical regions stores about 229 billion tons of carbon, which is about 21 percent more carbon than previously believed.

Using remote sensing satellite data — including cloud-penetrating LiDAR — and field observations from forests, woodlands and savannas across Africa, Asia, and South America, researchers say they were able to create the first “wall-to-wall” map depicting carbon density.

According to their results, Brazilian rainforests store about 53.2 billion tons of carbon, followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (22 billion) and Indonesia (18.6). “For the first time we were able to derive accurate estimates of carbon densities using satellite LiDAR observations in places that have never been measured,” said Alessandro Baccini of the Woods Hole Research Center the lead author of the study published in the journal Nature Climate Change.

The results could help improve the accuracy of reporting carbon emissions as part of the UN-based REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) initiative, which provides incentives to developing nations to prevent large-scale deforestation.

Article appearing courtesy Yale Environment 360.

Related posts:

• Forests Absorb One-Third of Fossil Fuel Emissions, Landmark Study Finds
• Expansion of Cropland is Stretching Earth’s Ability to Store Carbon
• Sustainable Forests Grow But Large Areas Remain Unmanaged
• Restored Forests Capture More CO2 Than Timber Plantations
• New Zealand Companies Crack Down on Illegal Timber

First, the bad news.

Although Africa has vast fossil and renewable energy sources, only twenty percent of its population has direct access to electricity and in some rural areas, four out of five people are completely without power. According to the UN, over 600 million Africans currently do not have access to electric power. A depressing 70 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa’s population is living without access to clean and safe energy for their basic needs such as cooking, lighting and heating, making energy poverty among the most urgent issues facing Africa. Worldwide, more than 1.4 billion people worldwide have no access to electricity, and 1 billion more only have intermittent access.

Over 2.5 billion people, almost half of humanity, rely on traditional biomass – wood, coal, charcoal, or animal waste to cook their meals and heat their homes, exposing themselves and their families to smoke and fumes that damage their health and kill nearly two million people a year. More than 95 percent of these people are either in sub-Saharan Africa or developing Asia.

The good news?

According to the Managing Director of Nigeria’s Bank of Industry (BOI), Evelyn Oputu, total investments in renewable energy in Africa rose from $750 million in 2004 to $3.6 billion in 2011. To put this in a global context, worldwide investment in renewable energy has risen from $33 billion in 2004 to $211 billion in 2011.

And the future?

According to a report issued in August 2011 by Frost & Sullivan entitled “Mega Trends in Africa: A bright vision for the growing continent,” investment in renewable power in Africa is set to grow from the 2011 total of $3.6-billion in 2010 to $57-billion by 2020, a staggering 1,583 percent increase in nine short years. According to the document, “The key growth sectors will be wind power, solar power, geothermal power and foreign direct investment (FDI) into energy and power infrastructure.”

The reason for the spectacular projections? Africa’s combination of a massive unmet demand, including remote communities, allied to an abundance of renewable power potential in the form of solar, wind and geothermal potential. To give but one example, Only seven percent of Africa’s hydropower capacity has been developed up to now.

Africa is not yet locked into the inefficient, oft-polluting infrastructure of many Western countries. Accordingly, Africa with modern efficient technologies could build a renewable energy infrastructure that could bypass the inefficient, fossil fuel-centered energy infrastructure systems of the developed world.

Modest starts in renewable energy have already begun across the continent. Wind power projects in Africa are planned or under way in Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Tanzania – including Kenya’s 0.3 gigawatt Lake Turkana project and 0.7 gigawatt of capacity under construction in Morocco, while Cameroon, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda all have existing biomass power capacity or plans for future development.

Solar? South Africa has its planned solar park in Upington, intended to contribute 5,000 megawatts to the national electrical grid, while North Africa’s Desertec is the largest solar power project ever conceived, designed at a potential cost of $500 billion to provide a significant portion of the electricity needs of participating countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and up to 15 per cent of Europe’s electricity needs by 2050.

Africa’s ambitions have the support of the United Nations, where in 2010 the General Assembly unanimously endorsed a resolution designating 2012 as “The International Year of Sustainable Energy for All.” UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has set three inter-linked objectives to support the goal of achieving “Sustainable Energy for All” by 2030, which are ensuring universal access to modern energy services, doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency and doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.

The UN Sustainable Energy for All incorporates a number of initiatives focusing on Africa, including World Bank Group’s Lighting Africa, the Paris-Nairobi Climate Initiative, the Africa-European Union Energy Partnership, and the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, as well as the EU’s decision to make access to sustainable energy a development priority through its “Agenda for Change.” A number of countries, including South Africa, are also leading the way with national initiatives.

But these initiatives are relatively recent and need financial support to prosper. It was only in September 2010 that African and European leaders launched the Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation Program (RECP) at the First High-Level Meeting of the Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP) in Vienna.

AEEP’s agenda is nothing if not ambitious, as its targets on renewable energy to be reached by 2020 include 10,000 megawatts of hydropower facilities, 5,000 megawatts of wind power capacity, 500 megawatts of solar energy capacity and tripling the capacity of other renewables, such as geothermal, and modern biomass.

The downside to this picture? Three things – the need for massive amounts of investment capital, a problem attendant to massive amounts of cash – corruption, and the continent’s changing political landscape, which is already impacting the Desertec North African solar initiative as the Arab Spring roils the south coast of the Mediterranean.

But both the need and potential are there – all that are currently lacking to make the future predictions a reality are cash and political will.

Article by John C.K. Daly, appearing courtesy Oilprice.com

Related posts:

• Chinese Power Companies Target African Solar Market
• France Announces Massive Investment in Cleantech
• Africa Discusses Transition to Renewable Energy
• Clean Tech Bursts Ahead, Exceeding Growth Expectations
• Funding Limits on Coal Plants Proposed in New World Bank Policy

South Africa, which earlier this month hosted the turbulent climate change conference (COP17) in Durban, has announced it is supporting en.lighten, a global initiative to phase-out inefficient lighting by 2016. South Africa promised to transition from inefficient incandescent lamps to more efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) by 2016.

en.lighten was launched in 2009 through a partnership between the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Private sector partners include Osram AG, Phillips Lighting and the National Lighting Test Centre of China (NLTC).

“South Africa is working with UNEP and its Global Partnership to share these lessons learned with other African countries willing to phase-out and reap the benefits that a transition would bring,” said H.E. Ms. Duipo Peters, South Africa’s Minister of Energy. “We encourage all countries that have not yet phased-out inefficient lighting to join the UNEP Global Partnership and work with us to move towards an efficient lighting world to mitigate climate change,” she added. Energy efficiency is unanimously regarded as the emissions-curbing measure that can yield the fastest sustainability results since it does not rely on new technologies. The International Energy Agency says that almost 20 per cent of total global electricity production and six per cent of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are caused by electricity for lighting. en.lighten hopes to reduce these emissions by 50 per cent.

“If a global temperature rise is to be kept under 2?C, we need to act on multiple fronts, including voluntary and legally binding actions,” said Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary-General and UNEP Executive Director. “Fast tracking more energy-efficient lighting is without doubt one of the low hanging fruit offering not only emissions saving but cost savings to a company or a household’s budget. The aim of achieving a global phase-out by 2016 is not only possible but infinitely do-able,” he added. The UNEP estimates that over 400 million homes in South Africa will be able to be electrified with the electricity saved from phasing-out incandescent lamps. The country will become the first African nation to undertake measures to phase-out inefficient lighting.

“South Africa faces important power shortages which will be greatly mitigated by the phase-out of incandescent lamps,” stated Ms Peters, South Africa’s Minister of Energy.The UNEP acknowledges that CFLs, like all fluorescent lamps, contain mercury. Although more complicated, CFLs can be disposed of safely. The UNEP said that the en.lighten initiative “will support countries in setting up legislation and sustainable end-of-life approaches for spent lamps.”

Article by Antonio Pasolini of Justmeans, appearing courtesy 3BL Media

Related posts:

• South Africa’s Solar Power Potential
• South Africa Will Use Solar Power to Fight Climate Change
• $2.7 Million Solar Panel Factory Opens in Naivasha, Kenya
• South Korea Seeking Rare Earth Concessions in South Africa
• Africa goes solar… (if the utilities let them, and if they find money)

As solar companies strive to provide consumers with the sun’s renewable energy, they too are doing their part to help those in need.

Many U.S. solar companies have reached out to the third world in effort to provide them with solar equipment that will help them improve lives on a daily basis, from lighting schools, to power communication equipment.

Countless rural towns throughout Africa do not have direct access to a power grid because of the sheer cost to transport the electricity over far distances. However, solar companies are changing this.

Empowered By Light, an organization dedicated to encouraging the use of renewable energy, and Sungevity, a home solar company, joined together to bring solar power to Zambia in Africa. They provide lighting and charging devices, powered by the sun, to help improve the lives of residents.

In countries like Rwanda, The Rwanda Ministry of Infrastructure encourages solar power and has even created a solar power plant that connects to the national grid in effort to reduce energy costs in increase the access to renewable energy.

As technology becomes cheaper and more advanced and with solar companies significantly aiding in accessibility and installation of these devices, access to solar will only become more prolific in these areas.

Article by Carolina, appearing courtesy 2GreenEnergy.

Related posts:

• So What Does the Clean Air Act Do?
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Climate Change
• Energy for the War Fighter: The Department of Defense Operational Energy Strategy
• What Will Your House Look Like In 2020?
• Rebuilding Greener Neighborhoods in New Orleans

The developing nations resting on the continent of Africa have become in recent years popular destinations for applying clean technologies, including renewable energy. Because of the excessive cost associated with transporting electricity from power plants, small-scale geothermal, wind, and solar devices have provided much energy to many rural and urban populations. Using renewable energy resource technologies in Africa shows a potential to relieve numerous problems many African nations face. Currently, one-third of the entire African population does not have access to electricity, and aside from major African countries, such as Egypt and South Africa, electricity is often only provided to roughly 20 percent of the population. Because energy is vital to reduce poverty and stem economic growth, it is essential that Africa look into clean technologies.

1 ) African Renewable Energy Alliance (AREA). The African Renewable Energy Alliance, or AREA, is a number of utility companies, industries, policy makers, and civil society members who have all come together to boost the research, development, and use of renewable energy throughout Africa. According to Abel Didier Tella, the Secretary General of union of African utilities UPDEA, “True exchange of information on new technologies as well as workable funding mechanisms for renewable energy is exactly what is needed. By creating the alliance we expect to create an on-going exchange and to speed up renewable energy production in Africa.” Part of the declaration of AREA states, “If we fail to immediately take decisions on renewable energy production and distribution in grid connected areas as well as in off grid regions, we undermine the right of millions of African citizens to develop a better life in the future.”

2 ) General Electric (GE) Investing into East Africa. General Electric, or GE, has created a strategy to assist East Africa in obtaining renewable sources of energy. It has done a lot of investment in Kenya especially as they believe as it can be the African hub for renewable energy technologies. It has large potential for geothermal energy, as well as a strong wind corridor and high solar rations. Kenya also has a large agrarian region, making it suitable for biowaste being turned into fuel. As well, in Algiers, GE is setting up desalinization plants, and in inland cities, GE is looking into the reuse and recycling of various water resources.

3 ) Increasing Renewable Energy Investment into Africa. In 2010, for example, a number of African policy makers and business leaders met in Berlin, Germany to look at renewable energy opportunities in an effort to increase infrastructural development and employment. Emmanuel Emielu, a Chief Executive from one of these businesses stated, “We must invest in developing the entrepreneurial and skills base needed to achieve a massive diffusion of renewable energy technology…across Africa.” Emielu stressed the need of investment into Africa’s growing cleantech desires as it will create much needed employment opportunities and will prevent Africa from becoming an “importer renewable energy business men,” turning it into a dumping ground.

4 ) African Wind Energy Association. Even though a majority of Africa, which lies around the equatorial belt, has a decreased wind resource that other countries. And though, in the past, this has been a barrier, many now believe that there is potential in Africa for large scale wind development. The African Wind Energy Association was created “in order to encourage manufacturers, developer, governments, renewable energy owners, and individuals to promote and support wind energy development on the African continent…[it] aims to become an influential umbrella organization representing the wind energy sector in Africa and this assisting interaction and cooperation between all energy players.”

5 ) Geothermal Potential in Kenya. Because of its location in the Rift Valley, Kenya has potential using geothermal resources. Currently there are two power stations and one power plant producing ample megawatts of energy. It houses Africa’s largest geothermal power station.

6 ) Africa Carbon Forum. The Africa Carbon Forum is held every year with numerous World Bank specialists and business leaders who get together to create strategies for “clean development mechanism” projects for the African continent, including greenhouse gas emissions-reducing initiatives. Because Africa benefits the least out of all continents through the clean development mechanism market and has the least investments, the forum outlines the potential within the African continent to house renewable energy sources. For example, a European Commission researcher stated that just 0.3 percent of sunlight that hits the Sahara desert could supply Europe will all its current energy needs.

7 ) African Renewable Energy Technology Platform. The African Renewable Energy Technology Platform is part of the European Union Energy Initiative, an organization that focuses on energy and poverty that “raise[s] political awareness among high level decision maters of the important role energy can play in poverty reduction [and clarifies] the need for energy services for poverty reduction and sustainable development.” This platform has the aim of “[contributing] to [the understanding of] the potential for renewable energy options in Africa for increased access to electrification in rural areas.”

8 ) Growing Renewable Energy Market. As of the end of 2010, a number of wind projects were developed in North Africa and complete. There has also been an increase in the off-grid solar power market throughout Sub-Saharan Africa that is expected to advance at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of ten percent between 2009 and 2015. “Many developmental agencies consider small-scale renewable energy projects as the most feasible solution for accelerated rural electrification and therefore are increasingly investing in [Africa in] medium-sized projects, especially wind and solar,” said Energy and Power Systems Programme Manager of Frost and Sullivan Cornelis van der Waal.

9 ) Joint Action Between EU and Africa. Through the Africa-EU Energy Partnership the Renewable Energy Cooperation Programme was developed to assist in helping Africa meet its 2020 renewable energy targets and bringing relevant renewable energy technologies to the African market. The overreaching goal is “to bring access to modern and sustainable energy services to at least an additional 100 million Africans by 2020.”

10 ) Decreasing Overall Reliance on Fossil Fuels. For a poor, underdeveloped continent that relies heavily on the import of fossil fuels, it has become ever more important to increase renewable energy technologies. It will not only provide a cheaper, alternative source of energy, but it will provide more energy to more locations throughout the continent and reduce levels of poverty.

Article by Shawn Lesser, Co-founder & Managing Partner of Atlanta-based Watershed Capital Group – an investment bank assisting sustainable fund and companies raise capital, perform acquisitions, and in other strategic financial decisions. He is also a Co-founder of the GCCA Global Cleantech Cluster Association ”The Global Voice of Cleantech”. He writes for various cleantech publications and is known as the David Letterman of Cleantech for his “Top 10″ series. He can be reached at shawn@watershedcapital.com

Related posts:

• Coming Attractions: CleanTechies Events Highlights
• South Africa’s Solar Power Potential
• Top Ten Highlights of Cleantech in South Africa
• $2.7 Million Solar Panel Factory Opens in Naivasha, Kenya
• South Africa Will Use Solar Power to Fight Climate Change

It’s impossible not to be impressed with the efforts to be green made by Hanna Fathy, a 28-year-old Cairo-based garbage collector.

Despite living in a city blighted with grinding poverty and surrounded by trash, he is firm on his intent to live a sustainable life. And this includes producing alternative energy to avoid pollution by fossil fuels.

He built his own biodigester, which turns food scraps to produce biogas. With the copper collected from old toy motors he has built a solar panel, which he installed on the roof of his building.

He learned his solar power skills from an American organization called Solar Cities, whose mission is to “connect community catalyst and integrate technologies for industrial ecology systems”

Article by Antonio Pasolini, a Brazilian writer and video art curator based in London, UK. He holds a BA in journalism and an MA in film and television.

Related posts:

• Mexico City Closes Dump in Push to Boost Recycling and Reuse
• Power to the People: Can Egypt Create Sustainable Wealth?
• Pacific Garbage Patch Gets Its Own Music Video
• Garbage In, Garbage Out
• Hybrid Solar Power Collector Offers Two Solutions in One Device

As the United Nations climate change conference rages on, quite literally, in Durban, South Africa, experts from COP17’s host city point to one alternative energy source that could help it mitigate its emissions: solar power.

According to Dick Berlijn, of Subsolar Energy, Durban has one of the highest and most stable solar radiation levels in the world. “The variable is around 3%. That means that on a good day, solar radiation in South Africa is 100% and 97% on bad days. These conditions are extraordinary,” MD for Pretoria-based Subsolar Energy told Industry Leaders magazine.

With so much solar radiation, Berlijn believes solar is better qualified to produce clean energy for South Africa than wind. Besides, South Africa also has plenty of space to build solar photovoltaic (PV) plants.

South Africa needs to start moving towards alternative energy as the country still relies heavily on coal for electric power (90%). The country is the 16th biggest emitter in the global ranking, having dumped 369,4 million tons of CO2 in the atmosphere in 2009.

SolarPlaza’s Solar Future South Africa convention which will take place in Johannesburg in January 2012 will be discussing the country’s solar potential and related topics such as job creation, Feed-in Tariffs and business opportunities.

Article by Antonio Pasolini, a Brazilian writer and video art curator based in London, UK. He holds a BA in journalism and an MA in film and television.

Related posts:

• South Africa Will Use Solar Power to Fight Climate Change
• World’s Biggest Solar Park Set for Sunny South Africa
• South Korea Seeking Rare Earth Concessions in South Africa
• Smart Energy Country Profile – South Africa
• French Loan to Finance South African Eskom Wind Project

A German-led initiative to tap solar energy in the deserts of Northern Africa and the Middle East to meet Europe’s long-term energy needs has targeted a site in Morocco for its first large-scale solar farm.

The Desertec Industrial Initiative (Dii) — whose members include E.ON, Siemens, Munich Re and Deutsche Bank — announced during its annual conference that it will begin construction next year on a 500 megawatt solar farm.

While the specific location was not disclosed, reports say it will likely be built near Ouarzazate, a city in southern Morocco known as “the door of the desert.” The €2 billion plant represents just the first step in a proposed €400 billion network of solar plants and wind farms the coalition hopes will provide 15 percent of Europe’s electricity by 2050.

Negotiations are already underway with Tunisia for the next plant, with Algeria the next possible country. Coalition leaders say the project will represent a “win-win” for Europe and the nations of North Africa and the Middle East, since it will provide jobs and economic opportunity. By 2020, countries including Libya, Egypt, Turkey, Syria, and Saudi Arabia are predicted to join the network.

Article appearing courtesy Yale Environment 360.

Related posts:

• Morocco Goes Big On Solar Power
• Wind Power South of the Mediterranean, EWEC, Part III
• Investment in African Renewable Energy Reaches $3.6 Billion in 2011
• U.S. Clothing Industry Giants Join Sustainable Apparel Coalition
• Massive Solar PV Farm Opens in Germany

Electronic waste, or “e-waste“, is a major problem of the information age. As consumers continually upgrade their electronic devices, the old devices are discarded and usually end up in a toxic e-waste dump, usually located in a poor developing country. Such a dump is located in the capital city of the African country, Ghana. Toxic chemicals from the dump, known as the Agbogbloshie scrap metal site, have affecting the nearby community market, church headquarters, and school. Contaminants include lead, cadmium, and others, some at levels over 50 times higher than risk-free levels.

Electronics are incinerated at the Agbogbloshie site, and the copper is usually recycled. Soil sampling was done from the surrounding properties, and the samples were tested for iron, magnesium, copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead, all metals that can be found in modern electronics. Dangerously high levels were found at the school and local market.

The Ghanan researcher, Atiemo Sampson, reported the results at the Solving the E-Waste Problem Summer School, hosted in Europe by Philips and Umicore to a group of dedicated graduate students. Mr. Sampson stated that similar e-waste sites are being developed in other locations in Ghana. Much of the e-waste is brought in from overseas, particularly North America and Europe.

“Until now, Ghana has not regulated the importation and management of e-waste,” said Mr. Sampson. “Although Ghana is a signatory to the Basel Convention (which regulates the import and export of hazardous wastes), rules are only now being incorporated into our national legal framework. The government hopes to have new rules in place next year.”

One problem is that operating an e-waste site can be highly lucrative. The metals recovered can be worth a lot of money, such as gold, copper, and silver. “The sheer number of people engaged in informal recycling in the Agbogbloshie scrap yard makes it increasingly unthinkable politically to eject them from that location,” added Mr. Sampson. “The livelihood of many people now depends on the income generated by these activities at e-waste scrap yards. Therefore any solution must recognize their role and focus on improving health, safety and environmental standards.”

International shipments of e-waste are outlawed, but occur nonetheless by unscrupulous handlers. Students at the conference in Europe agreed that the e-waste problem requires technological, behavioral, economic, and political solutions. Manufacturers also need to incorporate life-cycle analysis in their products.

Article by David A. Gabel, appearing courtesy Environmental News Network.

Related posts:

• Mexico City Closes Dump in Push to Boost Recycling and Reuse
• Green Law: Supreme Court Decision on Wastewater Dumping
• South Africa’s Solar Power Potential
• Africa goes solar… (if the utilities let them, and if they find money)
• $2.7 Million Solar Panel Factory Opens in Naivasha, Kenya

In many parts of the world, including areas of India, central Asia and the Sahara desert where the climate is arid and the landscape barren, these standing crops can soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into oxygen. The new research is soon to be published in the European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology.

Though maintaining our current forests is a necessary initiative, Prof. Eshel says, it is not enough to off-set human carbon output. In their quest to create forests that diminish carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, many countries have been converting fertile agricultural lands into forests. But these researchers believed that encouraging growth on a piece of land that was traditionally barren, such as desert land, was a step in a better direction.

To conserve fresh water, the researchers used relatively poor quality water considered, such as recycled sewage water and salt water that was the by-product of inland desalination plants. The final piece of the puzzle was to find a plant hearty enough to successfully grow in the desert. The researchers turned to Tamarix, a botanical genus that includes salt cedar trees and is indigenous to the old-world deserts. Some 150 different varieties of the botanical genus were used, grown in both a common garden setting and in densities that mimicked commercial crops.

The genus Tamarix (tamarisk, salt cedar) is composed of about 50-60 species of flowering plants in the family Tamaricaceae, native to drier areas of Eurasia and Africa. They are evergreen or deciduous shrubs or trees growing to 1—18 m in height and forming dense thickets. The largest, Tamarix aphylla, is an evergreen tree that can grow to 18 m tall. They usually grow on saline soils, tolerating up to 15,000 ppm soluble salt and can also tolerate alkali conditions.

Tamarisks are characterized by slender branches and grey-green foliage. The bark of young branches is smooth and reddish-brown. As the plants age, the bark becomes bluish-purple, ridged and furrowed. The leaves are scale-like, 1—2 mm long, and overlap each other along the stem. They are often encrusted with salt secretions. The pink to white flowers appear in dense masses on 5—10 cm long spikes at branch tips from March to September, though some species tend to flower during the winter.

With the first harvest of trees just last summer, researchers have much to process, including analyzing the amount of carbon dioxide the crops have successfully captured from the atmosphere. The answers will determine how much carbon such a crop can offset.

The cut trees themselves might also be used as a source of renewable energy. These biomass or biofuel crops, derived from natural crops, could help to reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels such as coal. But the question of where to grow crops dedicated to fuel production had to be addressed, since converting agricultural land could have the side effect of creating food shortages.

Arid and previously unused desert lands provide an ideal solution, Prof. Eshel says. To make his approach economically feasible, much more land would be needed than Israel can provide. But similar tracts of land, such as the Sahara Desert, are big enough to grow these types of crops on a larger scale. He adds that what has been done in the Israeli desert can be replicated elsewhere to great effect.

Article appearing courtesy ENN.com .

Related posts:

• ‘Fertilizer’ Trees Provide Boost to African Crop Yields, Study Says
• Genetically Altered Trees Could Store Billions of Tons of Carbon
• Turning a Bad Into a Good: New Uses for CO2
• Solar Trees Sprouting Up In Cambodia
• Harvesting the Wind